Supplementary data for the paper 'Press and hold during paced reading: tracking affective state without looking away from the text'

Wat erin zit

Readers track changes in characters’ affective states as narratives unfold, but measuring this process concurrently during reading usually requires a separate visual rating interface that may compete with the text itself. We tested two single-key response formats: press to indicate perceived movement toward a target state and hold to indicate for how long that state appeared to be present. In an online experiment, 1,606 participants read word-by-word paced narratives in which a character moved from one state to its opposite and back again. The narratives varied across valence, loneliness, and uncertainty, and transitions were either marked by a single lexical pivot or distributed across a longer passage. Results showed that participants’ responses systematically tracked the instructed state across all dimensions and transition types. Presses were 3.8 times denser in target than opposite regions (2.9 vs. 0.8 presses per 100 words), while participants held the key across 62.96% of target-state regions compared with 17.65% of opposite-state regions. The two formats produced different temporal signatures: presses provided markers of perceived movement toward a target affective state, …

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